(1) FEATURES OF FRAME TYPE VEHICLE
The body is bolted to the frame via rubber bushings. Unlike uni-bodies, the suspensions and power train units are assembled to independent frames. The frames support the weights of these components and absorb any incoming impact from outside, providing a structure that prevents any vibrations and impacts from being transmitted to the body.
The frames are categorized into some types by their shapes (ladder type, backbone type, perimeter type, pipe type). Of these, the ladder type frame often used in SUVs and pickups is described below.
(2) LADDER TYPE
The basic configuration of a ladder frame is shown in the figure. A ladder frame is composed of two side frames with a box type cross section and multiple crossmembers.

The ladder frames are classified into the following two types according to the cross-sectional shape.
(a) Channel type
Easy to manufacture compared to closed cross section type
Easier unit installation
The torsional rigidity is lower than the closed cross section type
Used for heavy to medium duty trucks
(b) Closed box type
Higher torsional rigidity due to closed cross section

Higher cost than channel type
Used for small trucks such as SUVs and pickups
Repairable Frame Damages
Frame Repair ProcedureWork Flow (Heated Steering Wheel)
DETAILED FLOW
OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT SYMPTOM
Interview the customer to obtain the malfunction information (conditions and environment when the malfunction occurred) as much as possible when the customer brings the vehicle in.
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GO TO 2.
REPRODUCE THE MALFUNCTION INFORMATION
Check the malf ...
Change of System Mode
CAUTION:
When the following operations are performed, always use CONSULT, for performing "System mode change" of "Work support". Refer to Work Procedure.
×: Required —: not required
Procedure System mode change Removing/installing ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) — Replacing ...
RearView Monitor system limitations
WARNING
The Nissan Armada RearView Monitor has certain operational limitations that
must always be taken into account. Ignoring these limitations or relying solely
on the system without proper visual checks may result in serious injury or even
fatal accidents.
The Nissan Armada camera sys ...